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控制工程的發(fā)展

公元前1400年至公元前1100年，自動計(jì)時(shí)漏壺先后出現(xiàn)在中國、埃及和巴比倫，人類有了最早的控制觀念。

公元 100 年，亞歷山大的英雄發(fā)明了一種自動計(jì)時(shí)裝置，用于打開和關(guān)閉寺廟的門和分配圣水。

1788年，英國人J.瓦特用離心調(diào)速器控制蒸汽機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速，成為第一次工業(yè)革命的標(biāo)志性成就。

l1948：N. Wiener 發(fā)表《Cybernetics》，標(biāo)志著經(jīng)典控制理論的基本形成；經(jīng)典控制理論以傳遞函數(shù)為基礎(chǔ)，主要研究單輸入單輸出（SISO）系統(tǒng)的分析與控制問題。

1954年：錢學(xué)森在美國發(fā)表英文《Engineering Cybernetics》，率先將控制論擴(kuò)展到工程技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。

自動控制系統(tǒng)的基本概念

控制系統(tǒng)的工作原理：

1.檢測輸出量（控制量）的實(shí)際值

2.將輸出的實(shí)際值與給定值（輸入）進(jìn)行比較

比較偏差；

3、利用偏差值產(chǎn)生控制調(diào)整效果，消除偏差，使輸出量保持理想的輸出。

由于輸出反饋的存在，上述系統(tǒng)在存在不可預(yù)知的擾動的情況下，能夠自動減小系統(tǒng)輸出與參考輸入（或任何變化的任何期望狀態(tài)）之間的偏差，因此稱為反饋控制。

顯然：反饋控制是以偏差為基礎(chǔ)的，其控制方式是“檢測偏差，再修正偏差”。

控制理論在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中的應(yīng)用

英語翻譯：

Introduction to Basics of Control Engineering

Development of Control Engineering

From 1400 to 1100 BC, automatic timing clepsydra appeared in China, Egypt and Babylon one after another, and mankind produced the earliest thoughts of control.

In 100 AD, Hero of Alexandria invented an automatic timing device for opening and closing temple doors and distributing holy water.

In 1788, the British J. Watt used a centrifugal governor to control the speed of a steam engine, which became a landmark achievement of the first industrial revolution.

l1948: N. Wiener published "Cybernetics", marking the basic formation of classical control theory; classical control theory is based on transfer function, mainly studying the analysis and control of single-input-single-output (SISO) systems.

1954: Qian Xuesen published "Engineering Cybernetics" in English in the United States, and first extended cybernetics to the field of engineering technology.

Basic concept of automatic control system

The working principle of the control system:

1. Detect the actual value of the output (the controlled quantity)

2. Compare the actual value of the output with the given value (input)

Compare the deviation

3. Use the deviation value to produce a control and adjustment effect to eliminate the deviation, so that the output volume maintains the desired output.

Due to the output feedback, the above system can automatically reduce the deviation between the output of the system and the reference input (or the desired state of any change) in the presence of unpredictable disturbances, so it is called feedback control.

Obviously: the feedback control is based on the deviation, and its control method is "detect the deviation and then correct the deviation".

Application of Control Theory in Machinery Manufacturing Industry

The electromechanical industry is one of the most important pillar industries in my country, and traditional electromechanical products are developing in the direction of Mechatronics. The salient feature of mechatronics products or systems is control automation.

Electromechanical control products have high technical content and great added value. They have strong competitive advantages in the domestic and foreign markets, forming the mainstream of the development of mechatronics products.

At present, domestic and international electromechanical products, such as typical industrial robots, CNC machine tools, and automatic guided vehicles, have widely applied control theory.